European Climate Law targets, adopted in July 2021, made the 2050 climate neutrality target legally binding.
Fossil fuel combustion accounts for 80 percent of emissions.
Lithium is experiencing escalating demand in Europe for the massive production of batteries needed for electric vehicles and energy storage systems under the EU’s energy transition plan.
The EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act aims to ensure that more of the EU’s critical mineral needs are met from home-grown sources by 2030.
Advanced Metallurgical Group opened Europe’s first lithium hydroxide refinery in September 2024.
September 2024At Bitterfeld, Germany, AMG (Advanced Metallurgical Group) commissioned the first of five modules of its lithium hydroxide refinery, the first in Europe capable of producing 20,000 tonnes of lithium hydroxide per year for around 500,000 EVs. | November 2024At Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany, Vulcan Energy opened its Central Lithium Electrolysis Optimisation Plant (CLEOP) which converts lithium chloride from production in Landau into battery-ready lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LHM). The first commercial plant is to be built once the process has been optimised. |
2025At Kokkola, Finland, Sibanye-Stillwater’s Keliber Refinery will use locally produced spodumene to produce up to 15,000 tonnes of battery-grade lithium hydroxide. | 2026Volt Resources in Slovakia and Green Lithium in the UK have also announced new lithium refineries for 2026 while Imerys is also pressing ahead with the Emili project in France. |
Vertically integrated lithium precinct is emerging in Finland’s Kaustinen Lithium Province. New lithium mines being advanced will serve Keliber Refinery and in turn €800 Kotka Cathode Anode plant (under development).
Strategic location. Finland is perfectly positioned to serve the European electric vehicle and battery market.
National Battery Strategy encourages projects which serves Finland’s goal “to be the world’s number one expert in battery minerals”.
Low sovereign risk. Finland consistently ranks in the top 10 of the Fraser Institute’s Annual Survey of Mining Investment Attractiveness.
Established infrastructure. Finland has an advanced geological database, an experienced mining workforce and high-quality infrastructure. Mining is a key part of the Finnish economy, and the nation is Europe’s leading producer of Nickel.
IMAGE: Battery minerals in Finland
Arvo is a privately owned natural resources company focused on the development of lithium assets in Finland’s most prospective lithium region, Kaustinen minerals province, to serve Europe’s accelerating demand for lithium.
At Kokkola, Finland, Sibanye-Stillwater’s Keliber Refinery will use locally produced spodumene to produce up to 15,000 tonnes of battery-grade lithium hydroxide.
The plant is expected to process twice the amount of the spodumene being produced from Sibanye-Stillwater’s own four mines, creating an opportunity for Arvo.
Adjacent to Arvo’s project areas, Sibanye-Stillwater’s Keliber lithium mine project is designated as an EU strategic project and represents the first integrated Li production chain with the EU.
Expected first productionH1 2026 | LiOH production capacity15,000 tonnes |
Annual spodumene requirements130 – 260t | Expected mine life16 years |